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The Ford Focus is a compact car that Ford began manufacturing for the 2000 model year in North America. The engine for a Ford Focus made before 2005 is a four-cylinder 2.0-liter engine with a double overhead camshaft. This type of engine uses a timing belt instead of a timing chain, and requires you to replace the timing belt at regular intervals. The timing belt for a 2000 Ford Focus allows the crankshaft to turn the camshaft.

Instructions

1

Remove the cable from the negative battery terminal with a socket wrench to prevent you from inadvertently starting the engine. Disconnect the accessory drive belt and its tensioner. Remove the cover for the timing belt.

2

Loosen the lug nuts for the right front wheel with a lug wrench. Raise the vehicle and support it on jack stands. Remove the right front wheel and the right splash shield with a socket wrench. Disconnect the pulley for the crankshaft.

3

Turn the timing belt clockwise so that the timing marks on the camshaft and crankshaft sprockets align with their respective marks on the engine.

4

Loosen the bolt for the timing belt tensioner with a socket wrench. Turn the tensioner 1/4 turn counterclockwise with an 8mm Allen wrench. Place a 1/8 in. drill bit into the hole of the timing belt tensioner to hold the tensioner in place. Remove the timing belt from the camshaft sprocket and crankshaft sprocket.

5

Place the new timing belt on the crankshaft. Complete the timing belt installation by proceeding in a counterclockwise direction. Remove the drill bit from the timing belt tensioner hole to release the tensioner.

6

Turn the crankshaft clockwise by two complete turns to align the timing marks once again. Tighten the bolt for the timing belt tensioner to between 15 and 22 pounds with a torque wrench.

7

Connect the crankshaft pulley and tighten its mounting bolt to between 81 and 96 ft. lbs. with a torque wrench. Connect the right splash shield and right front wheel with a socket wrench.

8

Lower the vehicle and tighten the lug nuts with a lug wrench. Install the accessory drive belt and its tensioner with a socket wrench. Attach the cable to the negative battery terminal.

Ford started production of the Ford Focus in 1999. The models made from 1999 to 2007 were the first generation of this series. The standard engine in the 2003 Focus has four cylinders and a displacement of 2.0 liters. The timing belt on this vehicle synchronizes the movements between the crankshaft and the camshaft. The tension on the timing belt is a critical factor in its installation.

Instructions

1

Open the hood. Disconnect the negative battery terminal with socket wrench. Turn the drive belt tensioner clockwise to reduce the tension on the accessory drive belt. Remove the drive belt. Disconnect the tensioner with a socket wrench. Remove the timing belt cover.

2

Raise and support the vehicle on jack stands. Remove the right front wheel with a lug wrench and disconnect the right splash shield. Remove the pulley for the crankshaft.

3

Turn the crankshaft clockwise to align the timing marks on the crankshaft and camshaft sprockets. Loosen the tensioner bolt on the timing belt with a socket wrench. Turn the tensioner counterclockwise by 1/4 turn with an 8mm Allen wrench. Place a 1/8-inch drill bit into the hole on the timing belt tensioner to hold the belt tensioner in place. Remove the timing belt.

4

Install the new timing belt onto the crankshaft by proceeding in a counterclockwise direction. Remove the drill bit from the hole in the timing belt tensioner. Turn the crankshaft clockwise by two turns so that the timing marks align once again. Torque the tensioner bolt for the timing belt to between 15 and 22 foot-pounds with a torque wrench.

5

Install the crankshaft pulley with a socket wrench and tighten its mounting bolt to between 81 and 96 foot-pounds. Connect the right splash shield and the right front wheel. Lower the vehicle and replace the timing belt cover. Install the accessory drive belt tensioner and mount the drive belt. Attach the cable to the negative battery terminal.

Neon was first introduced in North America in the early 90s. It is a front-wheel drive compact car that was manufactured by Chrysler Corporations Plymouth and Dodge Brands. It was powered by an inline 4 cylinder 2.0L engine that had an output of 132 horsepower and 130 foot-pounds of torque. It is a small and reliable engine, but it still need periodic service if parts like the timing belt fail.

Instructions

1

Disconnect the negative cable of your battery before performing any maintenance work on your engine, to prevent electrical shock or accidental starting. Remove the nut from the negative post with a box-end wrench. Lift the cable from your battery, move it outside of the battery box and close the lid of the battery box.

2

Align the sprocket with the arrow on the oil pump housing and then set the crankshaft sprocket to the top dead center (TDC) position. Using a suitable wrench, move crankshaft to 1/2 notch before top dead center.

3

Place the camshaft timing marks by aligning the notches on sprockets. Install timing belt, starting at crankshaft, around water pump sprocket, idler pulley, camshaft pulleys and tensioner pulley. Move the crankshaft sprocket to TDC to take up belt slack.

4

Install belt tensioner to engine block but do not tighten fasteners. Using a suitable torque wrench on the tensioner pulley, torque the pulley to 28 foot-pounds. With torque being applied to the tensioner pulley, move the tensioner up against the tensioner pulley bracket and torque fasteners to 23 foot-pounds.

5

Pull the tensioner plunger pin. Pretension is proper when pin can be easily removed or installed. Rotate crankshaft two revolutions and inspect the alignment of the timing marks. If the alignment is improper, repeat the operation.

The Hyundai Elantra is a series of compact cars that Hyundai has manufactured since 1990. The 2000 model represents the last year of the second generation Hyundai, which had a 4-cylinder, 2.0-liter engine as its standard engine. This engine uses a timing belt to synchronize the movement of the camshaft and crankshaft as opposed to a timing chain. The timing belt in a 2000 Hyundai requires replacement approximately every 60,000 miles.

Instructions

1

Disconnect any components necessary to access the cover of the timing belt. Remove the timing belt cover with a socket wrench.

2

Turn the crankshaft clockwise to position the No. 1 piston at the top dead center position as indicated by the timing marks on the crankshaft. Disconnect the tensioner for the timing belt and the idler pulley with a socket wrench. Remove the timing belt from the camshaft sprocket and the crankshaft sprocket.

3

Turn the camshaft sprocket clockwise to align its timing marks and ensure the timing marks for the crankshaft timing are still aligned. Connect the tensioner for the timing belt with a socket wrench, but do not tighten the pulley bolt for the tensioner. Install the idler pulley and tighten its mounting bolt to between 32 and 41 foot-pounds.

4

Place the timing belt over the sprocket of the camshaft, then over the sprocket of the crankshaft. Turn the timing belt tensioner counterclockwise to place tension on the timing belt. Apply 5 pounds of force to the middle of the longest span of the timing belt. The deflection of the timing belt will be between 0.16 inches and 0.24 inches when the timing belt is at the correct tension.

5

Tighten the pulley bolt for the timing belt tensioner to between 32 and 41 foot-pounds with a torque wrench. Turn the crankshaft sprocket clockwise by one turn to align the timing marks on the crankshaft sprocket. Adjust the timing belt tension as required.

6

Replace the cover for the timing belt. Install any additional components that you removed in step one to access the timing belt.

The Kia Spectra is a compact car produced from 2000 to 2009. The second generation of this series includes the 2004 through 2009 models, and represents a major redesign over the first generation Kia. The only engine available for the 2005 Kia in North American is a four-cylinder 2.0-liter engine with a double overhead camshaft. This design uses a timing belt to drive the camshafts with the crankshaft. The most important part of replacing the timing belt is keeping the crankshaft and camshafts in the correct position during the procedure.

Instructions

1

Disconnect the cable from the negative battery terminal with a socket wrench to ensure you dont inadvertently start the engine. Raise the vehicle and support it on jack stands. Remove the engine cover, right wheel and side cover for the right wheel. Detach the accessory drive belts, water pump pulley and upper cover for the timing belt.

2

Turn the crankshaft pulley clockwise to align the groove on the pulley with the timing mark on the lower timing belt cover. Disconnect the pulley and flange for the crankshaft with a socket wrench. Remove the lower timing belt cover and timing belt tensioner. Detach the timing belt from the pulleys.

3

Turn the crankshaft clockwise to align the timing marks for the crankshaft and camshaft. Install the timing belt tensioner with a socket wrench. Place the new timing belt onto the crankshaft sprocket, idler pulley, camshaft sprockets and timing belt tensioner in that order.

4

Turn the timing belt tensioner clockwise to apply tension to the timing belt. Press the tension side of the timing belt with moderate force. The tension is correct when the deflection of the timing belt is about 0.2 in. Tighten the mounting bolts for the tensioner to 20 ft. lbs. with a torque wrench. Turn the crankshaft clockwise by two full turns and align the timing marks once again.

5

Attach the lower timing belt cover and tighten its mounting bolts to between six and seven ft. lbs. with a torque wrench. Connect the flange and pulley for the crankshaft. Tighten the bolt for the crankshaft pulley to between 123 and 130 ft. lbs. Connect the upper timing belt cover and tighten the mounting bolts to between six and seven ft. lbs.

6

Install the water pump pulley and accessory drive belts with a socket wrench. Attach the right wheel and side cover for the right wheel. Replace the engine cover and connect the cable to the negative battery terminal with a socket wrench.

The Kia Rio is a subcompact car that Kia Motors has produced since 2001. The Cinco trim level of the Rio is a five-door hatchback available in the United States. The procedure for installing the timing belt depends only on the engine and is not directly affected by the trim level. The 2002 Kia Rio Cinco has a four-cylinder, 1.5-liter engine that uses a timing belt to synchronize the movements of the camshaft and crankshaft.

Instructions

1

Remove the cable from the negative terminal of the battery with a socket wrench. Detach the accessory drive belts from their respective pulleys. Disconnect the alternator and water pump.

2

Disconnect the crankshaft pulley with a socket wrench and remove the guide plate from the timing belt pulley. Disconnect the upper and lower covers for the timing belt.

3

Turn the crankshaft pulley clockwise to align the timing mark on the pulley with the timing mark on the engine. The I and E marks on the camshaft pulley must also align with their respective marks on the cylinder head. Disconnect the timing belt tensioner pulley and the timing belt with a socket wrench.

4

Connect the pulley for the timing belt tensioner. Pull the tensioner away from the crankshaft pulley as far as possible and fasten the lock bolt for the tensioner to hold it in place. Place the timing belt onto the crankshaft pulley, idler pulley, exhaust camshaft pulley, intake camshaft pulley and tensioner pulley, in that order.

5

Loosen the pulley for the timing belt tensioner to apply tension to the timing belt. Tighten the lock bolt to between 28 and 38 foot-pounds with a torque wrench. Turn the crankshaft clockwise by two full turns and align the timing marks.

6

Install the upper and lower covers for the timing belt with a socket wrench. Tighten the mounting bolt for the crankshaft pulley to between 9 and 13 foot-pounds with a torque wrench. Connect the water pump pulley and tighten its mounting bolt to between 9 and 13 foot-pounds.

7

Install the alternator and attach the accessory drive belts. Connect the cable to the negative terminal of the battery.

The Honda Accord is a mid-size car that has been in production since 1976. The 2001 model belongs to the sixth generation of this series, which includes Accords made from 1998 to 2002. The 2001 Honda Accord typically has a four-cylinder 2.3-liter engine with multi-point fuel injection. This engine uses a timing belt to keep the camshaft synchronized with the crankshaft. The procedure for replacing the timing belt requires you to set the crankshaft to the top dead center (TDC) position several times.

Instructions

1

Disconnect the valve cover and upper covers for the timing belt with a socket wrench. Remove any additional components needed to access the crankshaft. Turn the crankshaft clockwise by hand to align the white mark on the crankshaft sprocket with the pointer on the lower cover of for the timing belt. The word "UP" on the camshaft sprocket must also be in the 12 oclock position.

2

Remove the lower timing belt cover with a socket wrench. Fasten one of the mounting bolts for the lower timing cover to the adjuster arm of the timing belt tensioner. This will hold the timing belt adjuster in position.

3

Loosen the lock bolt and adjusting nut on the timing belt tensioner with a socket wrench, and push the tensioner away from the timing belt to relieve the tension on the timing belt. Tighten the adjuster nut on the timing belt, and pull the timing belt off its sprockets.

4

Turn the crankshaft clockwise by hand to align the pointer on the crankshaft sprocket with the pointer on the oil pump. The word "UP" on the camshaft sprocket must also be in the 12 oclock position.

5

Mount the new timing belt to the crankshaft sprocket, timing belt tensioner sprocket, water pump sprocket and camshaft sprocket in that order. Loosen the adjusting nut on the timing belt tensioner with a socket wrench, then tighten it again to apply tension to the timing belt.

6

Install the lower timing belt cover with a socket wrench, and rotate the crankshaft sprocket five to six complete turns clockwise to seat the timing belt on the sprockets. Make sure the timing mark on the crankshaft sprocket aligns with the timing mark on the lower timing cover. The word "UP" on the camshaft sprocket must also be in the 12 oclock position.

7

Turn the adjusting nut on the timing belt tensioner counterclockwise by one turn. Turn the crankshaft counterclockwise to move the camshaft sprocket back by three teeth, and tighten the adjusting nut on the timing belt. Turn the crankshaft clockwise to align the timing marks once again.

8

Install the upper timing belt cover with a socket wrench. Connect all additional components you removed to access the crankshaft. Replace the valve cover.

The Caravan is a minivan that Chrysler Group sells under its Dodge brand. Chrysler introduced the Caravan in 1984, and the the 2001 model belongs to the fourth generation of this series. The 2001 Dodge Caravan is available with six-cylinder engines that require timing chains. These engines have a single overhead camshaft, and a displacement of 3.3 or 3.8 liters. The timing chain does not wear out and should only require replacement if it breaks.

Instructions

1

Drain the coolant from the radiator into a drain pan. Drain the oil from the crankcase into a separate drain pan. Disconnect the cable from the negative battery terminal with a socket wrench. Raise and support the vehicle on jack stands. Remove the right wheel and splash shield under the engine with a socket wrench.

2

Detach the oil pick up tube from the oil pan and disconnect the oil pan. Remove the drive belt from the air compressor and disconnect the damper from the crankshaft. Detach the lower hose from the radiator and remove the heater hose from the cover of the timing chain.

3

Disconnect the engine mount and its bracket from the right side of the engine with a socket wrench. Remove the water pump and power steering support bolt from the timing chain cover. Disconnect the mounting bolts from the timing chain cover and detach the cover. Discard the gasket for the timing chain cover.

4

Turn the crankshaft clockwise to align the timing mark on the crankshaft sprocket with the colored link on the timing chain. Disconnect the attaching bolt for the camshaft sprocket with a socket wrench. Remove the timing chain and the camshaft sprocket. Disconnect the crankshaft sprocket from the crankshaft with special tools 5048-1, 5048-6 and 8539.

5

Turn the crankshaft clockwise until its timing arrow points straight up. Lubricate the new timing chain and the sprockets with engine oil. Place the timing chain onto the camshaft sprocket so that the plated link aligns with the dot on the camshaft sprocket.

6

Put the timing chain around the crankshaft sprocket so that the other plated link on the timing chain aligns with the dot on the crankshaft sprocket. Position the camshaft so that its timing arrow points straight down and install the camshaft sprocket onto the camshaft. Tighten the bolt on the camshaft sprocket 40 ft. lbs. with a torque wrench.

7

Install the crankshaft sprocket on the the crankshaft with a socket wrench. Turn the crankshaft two full turns and align its timing marks once again.

8

Clean the mating surfaces n the timing chain with a shop towel. Install a new gasket onto the timing chain cover so the edge of the gasket is 0.02 in. past the edge of the cover. Turn the crankshaft clockwise until the flats of the oil pump drive are vertical. Install the oil pump to the crankshaft so that the flats of the oil pump rotor align with the flats of the crankshaft.

9

Replace the timing chain cover and fasten its mounting bolts with a socket wrench. Tighten the 8mm bolts to 20 ft. lbs. and tighten the 10mm bolts to 40 ft. lbs. with a torque wrench. Install the water pump and bolt for the power steering support to the timing chain cover. Replace the damper to the crankshaft.

10

Install the bracket for the engine mount. bracket with a socket wrench. Tighten the 10mm bolts to 40 ft. lbs. and tighten the 8mm bolts to 21 ft. lbs. with a torque wrench. Install the remaining components by performing steps one and two in reverse order. Fill the radiator with fresh coolant, and fill the engine with new oil. Start the engine and correct any fluid leaks.

Camshafts are long metal rods with various ovals of shaped metal (called lobes) that control the opening and closing of engine valves. The valves are precisely timed to open and close based upon combustion within the engine cylinder. Manufacturers tend to create mild camshafts that produce smooth even idle, and help an engine produce a broad range of power. You can alter the camshaft timing by replacing the factory camshafts with aftermarket units, which is a popular upgrade option particularly among V8 owners.

Camshaft Location

The camshaft will be located in different places based upon the design of the V8. In a pushrod V8 one camshaft is buried in the center of the engine block. Metal rods (called pushrods) used in conjunction with rocker arms connect the camshaft to valves. In a overhead camshaft V8 (OHC), either a single (SOHC) or dual (DOHC) camshafts sitting above the engine banks. Lifters and springs are used to actuate the valves. A SOHC may have rocker arms since only one camshaft operates both banks of cylinders.

Camshaft Operation

The camshaft rotates based upon a chain that runs from the crankshaft. As the camshaft spins, the lobes on the camshaft cause the valves to open and close. Manufacturers create camshafts with mild timing that insures the intake and exhaust valves are not open at the same time -- called overlap. While earlier V8s employed fixed timing, todays modern engine management systems allow for variable timing, where the valve timing is changed by moving the camshaft to adjust for engine speed, which in effect advances or retards the valve timing.

Performance Improvement

Large performance gains can be obtained with a aftermarket or altered factory camshaft that advances timing. When an engines intake and exhaust subsystems are altered, this changes the airflow of the engine, and thus a revised camshaft can optimize valve operation. In addition, by allowing for some overlap (where both the intake and exhaust valves are open at the same time), the engines performance is increased at the expense of poor and choppy idle (which is a plus to most V8 enthusiasts).

Tuning

To optimize camshaft performance, you must have the vehicle tuned after installation. While the camshaft controls timing of valves, the fuel and spark (injectors and coils) will need to be adjusted to match the revised airflow.

The timing belt replacement on a 1991 Honda Accord requires removal of the balancer shaft belt. The timing belt regulates the rotation of the crankshaft and camshaft inside this models 2.2-liter engine. Timing belts should be replaced every 105,000 miles to prevent engine damage as a result of the valves colliding with the pistons if the belt breaks. This damage is both difficult and costly to repair.

Instructions

1

Align the two timing marks on the crankshaft sprocket with the correlating arrows on the engine block.

2

Position the timing belt over the crankshaft on the side with no tension, then lead it over the camshaft sprocket, staying on the same side. Continue threading the belt in front of the water pump pulley, then pull it behind the tensioner, ending at the crankshaft sprocket again.

3

Twist the tensioner nut counterclockwise to apply tension on the belt. Adjust the nut by twisting it clockwise to keep the tensioner in its position.

4

Thread the balancer shaft belt over the crankshaft, then around the lower timing belt cover. Set up the crankshaft pulley and rotate the crankshaft counterclockwise six times.

5

Unbolt the crankshaft pulley and lower timing belt cover, then pull the balancer shaft belt off of the crankshaft sprocket.

6

Rotate the crankshaft counterclockwise until you can see three of the camshaft sprocket teeth move past the timing mark. Turn the tensioner nut counterclockwise to add tension to the timing belt.

7

Torque the tensioner nut to 33 foot-lbs. with the torque wrench. Secure the tensioner locking bolt by turning it clockwise until it can go no farther.

A timing belt connects the crankshaft of a car engine to the camshaft. It synchronizes the camshaft to the crankshaft so the engine valves will open and close at the proper time. The timing belt will need to be replaced at a certain time according to the manufacturers instructions. It may also become damaged or cracked and need to be replaced before that period of time is over. If it is not replaced it can result in damage to the engine of the Ford Contour that could be very costly.

Instructions

1

Pop the hood of the Ford and locate the timing belt near the engine of the vehicle. Loosen and remove the accessory drive belts from the engine with an adjustable wrench.

2

Take off the right motor mount on the engine. Unscrew the two bolts holding it in place with a socket wrench. Loosen the six crankshaft bolts holding the pulley in place and remove it. Take off both the upper and lower timing belt covers.

3

Loosen the belt tensioner bolt and push the tensioner away from the belt. Tighten the tensioner bolt to hold it in place and remove the timing belt.

4

Position the new timing belt on the pulleys and verify that all the timing marks are properly aligned. Loosen the tensioner bolt so the spring can pull it tight against the belt. Tighten down on the tensioner bolt with a wrench and make sure that there is 1/3 of an inch between the tensioner and the crankshaft pulley.

5

Rotate the crankshaft two turns to realign the timing marks correctly. Put everything back in place in the reverse order that it was removed following the same procedures. Record the date or mileage that the timing belt was replaced so it will be known when it needs to be replaced again.

The 2003 Hyundai Sonata is available with a four-cylinder 2.0-liter engine with a double overhead cam. This engine design requires a timing belt to synchronize the crankshaft with the camshaft. The Sonatas timing belt should be replaced approximately every 60,000 miles.

Instructions

1

Remove components as required to access the cover of the timing belt on the front of the engine. Disconnect the cover with a socket wrench. Turn the crankshaft clockwise to align the timing mark on the crankshaft sprocket with the timing mark on the cylinder head. This places the No. 1 piston in the top dead center position needed to replace the timing belt.

2

Disconnect the tensioner and the idler pulley for the timing belt with a socket wrench. Detach the timing belt from the crankshaft and camshaft.

3

Turn the crankshaft clockwise again to align the timing marks if necessary. Connect the tensioner for the timing belt and the idler pulley. Tighten the mounting bolt for the idler pulley to between 32 and 41 ft-lbs. with a torque wrench.

4

Place the timing belt over the camshaft sprocket and crankshaft sprocket in that order. Turn the timing belt tensioner to place tension on the timing belt. The timing belt is at the proper tension when five pounds of force in the middle of the longest span of the timing belt produces a deflection of 0.16 to 0.24 in.

5

Tighten the bolt for the tensioner pulley to between 32 and 41 ft-lbs. with a torque wrench. Turn the crankshaft sprocket clockwise by one complete turn to realign the timing marks.

6

Adjust the belt tension again if necessary. Replace the cover of the timing belt cover and any components you removed to access the timing belt.

The Dodge Caravan is a family minivan that Chrysler Group has sold under its Dodge brand since 1984. One of the engines available for the 1990 model is a four-cylinder 2.5-liter motor with a single overhead camshaft. This type of engine uses a timing belt to connect the crankshaft and camshaft, allowing the cylinder valves to open and close at the correct time. The timing belt requires replacement at regular intervals, and typically lasts at least 60,000 miles.

Instructions

1

Disconnect the compressor bracket for the right engine mount with a socket wrench and detach the engine mount. Remove the accessory drive belts and the cover for the timing belt. Place a floor jack under the engine and raise the engine slightly. Remove the tensioner screw on the timing belt and disconnect the timing belt.

2

Rotate the crankshaft and intermediate shaft to align the timing marks on the their respective sprockets. Turn the camshaft to align the timing mark on the camshaft hub with the line on the cylinder head.

3

Place the new timing belt over the sprockets of the crankshaft and intermediate drive shaft. Turn the hex nut on the timing belt tensioner with a hex wrench to adjust the tension on the timing belt. The timing belt is at the correct tension when you can twist the timing belt to a right angle with your thumb and forefinger.

4

Turn the crankshaft two full turns clockwise and align its timing marks. Tighten the locking nut on the timing belt tensioner to 45 foot-pounds. with a torque wrench.

5

Lower the engine with the floor jack and replace the timing belt cover with a socket wrench. Connect the accessory drive belts and adjust their tension. Attach the engine mount and fasten the compressor bracket to the engine mount.

The Volkswagen Passat is a series of family cars in production since 1973. The fifth generation of this series was in production from 1996 to 2000, and was available with a variety of engines. One such engine was a six-cylinder 2.8-liter engine with a double overhead camshaft. This design uses a timing belt to synchronize the crankshaft and camshaft movements. Volkswagen recommends replacement of the timing belt every 60,000 miles or six years.

Instructions

1

Disconnect the cable on the negative battery terminal with a socket wrench. Detach the accessory drive belt.

2

Turn the crankshaft by hand to align the timing marks on the crankshaft and both camshafts. This places the first cylinder of the the engine in the top dead center position. Disconnect the crankshaft position sensor from the lower left side of the engine.

3

Place Tool No. 3242 onto the crankshaft and tighten it slightly to hold the crankshaft in place. Disconnect the upper cover for the timing belt with a socket wrench. Remove the vibration damper from the crankshaft, and remove the lower cover for the timing belt.

4

Loosen the bolts on the camshaft sprockets with a socket wrench. Release the sprockets from the ends of the camshafts, and remove the sprockets from the camshaft. Relieve the tension on the timing belt with the tensioner roller, and disconnect the timing belt from the pulleys.

5

Place the camshaft sprockets onto the camshafts. Install Tool No. 3243 into the alignment flanges of the camshaft, and fasten the camshaft sprockets to the camshafts. Place the new timing belt over the crankshaft sprocket, camshaft sprockets, idler rollers and timing belt tensioner in that order.

6

Tighten the roller on the camshaft tensioner so that you can just twist the timing belt between the tensioner and the left camshaft sprocket by 1 / 4 turn. Tighten the mounting bolts for the camshaft sprockets to 33 ft. lbs. with a torque wrench.

7

Connect the lower cover for the timing belt with a socket wrench and attach the vibration damper to the crankshaft. Remove Tool No. 3242 from the crankshaft. Connect the crankshaft position sensor to the engine, and attach the accessory drive belt. Connect the cable to the negative battery terminal.

The Hyundai Accent is a subcompact car that has been in production since 1994. The engine in this vehicle has an overhead camshaft, which generally requires a timing belt. The timing belt synchronizes the movements of the crankshaft and camshaft. The 2001 Hyundai Accent has a non-freewheeling engine, so you will typically need to replace the timing belt every 60,000 miles. This procedure requires you to remove additional components to access the timing belt.

Instructions

1

Disconnect the cable from the negative battery terminal with a socket wrench. Put a drain pan under the radiator and remove the drain plug, allowing the coolant to drain out. Disconnect the mounting bolts for the water pump pulley and push the pulley aside. Turn the belt tensioner to loosen the drive belt. Disconnect the crankshaft pulley and the cover for the timing belt.

2

Turn the crankshaft clockwise to move the No. 1 piston to the top dead center position. Loosen the bolts on the tensioner with a socket wrench and move the tensioner as close to the water pump as possible. Tighten the adjusting bolt for the tensioner to hold it in place. Remove the timing belt from its pulley. Disconnect the sprocket bolt for the crankshaft with a socket wrench. Detach the flange and sprocket from the crankshaft.

3

Install the sprocket and flange to the crankshaft. Torque the sprocket bolt to between 103 and 111 foot-pounds with a torque wrench. Align the timing marks on the crankshaft with those on the camshaft sprocket by turning the crankshaft clockwise.

4

Loosen the adjusting bolt on the belt tensioner and move the tensioner back to its normal position. Place the new timing belt over the sprocket of the crankshaft and slip the back of the belt onto the tensioner. Turn the sprocket of the camshaft clockwise to tighten the straight side of the belt.

5

Tighten the adjusting bolt for the tensioner to between 15 and 18 foot-pounds with a torque wrench. Then, torque the pivot bolt to between 15 and 18 foot-pounds. Turn the crankshaft clockwise one complete turn to seat the timing belt.

6

Loosen the attaching bolts on the tensioner and allow the tensioner to position itself. Tighten the bolts with a socket wrench. Adjust the belt tension so that the teeth come halfway across the head of the tensioner adjusting bolt when you pull the belt towards the water pump.

7

Connect the cover for the timing belt with a socket wrench and connect the crankshaft pulley. Fasten the mounting bolts for the water pump pulley and refill the radiator with coolant. Connect the cable to the negative battery terminal.

There are only two reasons to replace the timing cover, which acts as the front engine cover, covering the timing chain and sprockets. Either the timing cover is cracked, causing a leak, or a permanently-installed front seal is leaking. Timing cover replacement procedures vary from vehicle to vehicle, depending on whether the engine is installed from front to rear, or transversely. If the engine is transversely mounted, removing the radiator is not required. In any case, follow all procedures outlined in the vehicle manufacturers shop manual for timing cover replacement.

Instructions

1

Disconnect the battery cables by loosening the bolts holding them in place with a wrench.

2

Place a drain pan below the T-shaped petcock, which is located at the bottom of the vehicles radiator.The radiator is located at the front of the engine compartment. Remove the radiator cap. Loosen the petcock with a pair of pliers, turning the petcock counterclockwise until it is completely open to drain the engine coolant from the radiator.

3

Remove all parts necessary to facilitate the removal of the old timing cover, such as the fan blade and fan shroud, the water pump, the harmonic balancer, or the radiator. What you need to remove will depend on the make and model of your vehicle.Refer to the vehicle manufacturers service manual for exact instructions.

4

Locate the engine oil pan at the very bottom of the engine. Refer to the vehicle manufacturers service manual for the exact location of the engine oil pan. Loosen the engine oil pan bolts and drop the oil pan down sufficiently to allow the front seal on the timing cover to clear the oil pan, if required by the engine manufacturer.

5

Remove the bolts that attach the timing cover to the engine. Remove the leaky timing cover. Use a gasket scraper to remove any parts of the old gasket that remain on the engine block.

6

Paint the new timing cover gasket with gasket sealant on the engine side of the gasket. Install the timing cover gasket on the engine, aligning the dowel-pin holes in the timing cover gasket with the dowel-pins in the engine block. Paint the timing cover side of the timing cover gasket with gasket sealant. Coat the surface where the oil pan seal and oil pan gasket meet as well as the surface where the oil pan seal and the front lip of the oil pan meet with RTV silicone sealant.

7

Position the new timing cover on the engine, aligning the dowel-pins in the engine with the dowel-pin holes on the timing cover. Bolt the new timing cover to the engine and torque all timing cover fasteners to specifications youll find in the users manual. Tighten the oil pan bolts. Torque the oil pan bolts to the engine manufacturers specifications with a torque wrench from the toolkit.

8

Reinstall all of the parts that were removed in order to facilitate the replacement of the leaky timing cover, in the order that they were removed.

9

Close the petcock. Fill the radiator with coolant. Connect the battery cables to the battery. Start the engine and let it reach operating temperature. Fill the radiator with coolant as needed as the thermostat opens. Inspect the front of the engine for both coolant and engine oil leaks.

The Toyota Pickup is a series of pickup trucks that Toyota has produced since 1968. The 1993 model belongs to the fifth generation of this series, which includes the 1988 through 1998 models. The standard engine for the 1993 Toyota Pickup is the 22-RE, a four-cylinder 2.4-liter engine with a single overhead camshaft. This engine uses a timing chain to synchronize the rotations of the crankshaft and camshaft.

Instructions

1

Disconnect the cylinder head from the engine with a socket wrench. Place a drain pan under the radiator drain, and remove the drain plug. Allow the coolant to drain from the radiator and replace the plug. Disconnect the radiator.

2

Remove the front differential from the engine with a socket wrench if your vehicle has all-wheel drive. Disconnect the oil pan, and detach the power steering belt if your vehicle has power steering. Remove the belt, compressor and bracket for the air conditioner if your vehicle is so equipped. Disconnect the cooling fan and its clutch. Remove the pulley for the water pump.

3

Install a counter-holding bar to the crankshaft pulley, and remove the mounting bolt for the crankshaft pulley with a socket wrench. Pull the pulley from its shaft with a pulley extractor. Disconnect the water bypass hose from the crankcase, and remove the adjusting bar for the fan belt. Detach the outlet pipe from the heater.

4

Remove the mounting bolts for the cover of the timing chain with a socket wrench, and discard the gaskets. Detach the timing chain from the sprocket of the crankshaft.

5

Detach the splines from the oil pump drive, and remove the sprocket for the crankshaft with a socket wrench. Wipe the cylinder block clean with a shop towel.

6

Rotate the crankshaft clockwise so the key on the crankshaft points straight up. Align the groove in the crankshaft sprocket with the key on the crankshaft, and slide the sprocket onto the crankshaft. Tighten the bolt for the crankshaft sprocket with a socket wrench.

7

Position the new timing chain on the camshaft sprocket so that the link between the two bright links on the timing chain aligns with the timing mark on the camshaft sprocket. Place the timing chain within its guides on the crankcase, and rotate the camshaft counterclockwise to remove the slack from the timing chain.

8

Install the drive for the oil pump over the key on the crankshaft. key. Place new gaskets onto the dowels of the timing chain cover, and install the timing chain cover. Tighten the 8mm mounting bolts to 9 ft. lbs. with a torque wrench. Tighten the 10mm mounting bolts to 29 ft. lbs.

9

Install the remaining components by performing steps one through three in reverse order. Tighten the bolt for the crankshaft pulley to 116 ft. lbs. with a torque wrench.