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The R family of engines from Toyota, produced from 1981-85, were four-cylinder gasoline engines for front-wheel-drive vehicles. The 22R had a displacement of 2.4 liters and a single overhead camshaft. It used a timing chain, which had a lower risk of causing engine damage than a timing belt. The procedure for removing the timing chain from a 22R engine is generally the same for all vehicles.

Instructions

1

Disconnect the cable from the batterys negative terminal. This prevents the engine from starting during the timing chain removal. Remove the mounting bolts for the cylinder head with a socket wrench. Pry the cylinder head from the mounting dowels with pry bars in front and behind the valve rocker assembly. Lift the cylinder head off the mounting dowels.

2

Drain the radiator, and detach the hoses from the radiator. Disconnect the mounting bolts for the radiator, and remove the radiator from the vehicle with a socket wrench. Perform this step only if the radiator blocks your access to the timing chain.

3

Disconnect the oil pan with a socket wrench if it blocks your access to the timing chain.

4

Relieve the tension on the drive belts with the belt tensioner, and remove the drive belts from their pulleys. Attach a suitable puller to the crankshaft pulley, and remove the pulley from the crankshaft.

5

Remove the retaining bolts for the water bypass tube with a socket wrench, and detach the tube. Disconnect the heater tube. Remove the bolt for the alternator bracket, and push the bracket towards the alternator to access the timing chain cover.

6

Disconnect the mounting bolts on the timing chain cover with a socket wrench, and remove the cover from the engine. Lift the timing chain off the camshaft damper. Slide the timing chain and camshaft sprocket off the camshaft.

7

Pull the crankshaft sprocket from the crankshaft by hand. Lift the oil pump spline from the crankshaft, and pull it from the crankshaft by hand.

Motorcycles use chains to move power from the transmission to the wheels. Roller chains have two types of links. The inner link had two plates held together by two pins with sleeves covering the pins. Two rollers ride the bushings and touch the sprocket of the rear wheel. The outer link is simply a connector plate holding two inner links together. The 428 chain keeps power flowing on modern motorcycles and motorcycle-based small vehicles, such as ATVs.

Dimensions of the Links

The inside width is the distance between the inside plates. Inside width of the 428 measures 7.95 mm. Pitch is the distance between the centers of the two inner link pins and is 12.700 mm on the 428. The roller diameter for the 428 is 8.51 mm. The pins inside the sleeves inside the rollers of the 428 are 4.45 mm thick and 16.7 mm long. The plates holding the inner links together are 1.60 mm thick.

The Strength of the Chain

The American National Standards Institute tested the 428 chain for tensile strength and found that it takes a weight of 3,125 pounds to break it. ANSI recommends that the load on the 428 chain never exceed 810 pounds in continuous use.

The Weight of the Chain

The 428 chain weighs 71 kg per meter of chain.

The Caravan is a minivan that Chrysler Group sells under its Dodge brand. Chrysler introduced the Caravan in 1984, and the the 2001 model belongs to the fourth generation of this series. The 2001 Dodge Caravan is available with six-cylinder engines that require timing chains. These engines have a single overhead camshaft, and a displacement of 3.3 or 3.8 liters. The timing chain does not wear out and should only require replacement if it breaks.

Instructions

1

Drain the coolant from the radiator into a drain pan. Drain the oil from the crankcase into a separate drain pan. Disconnect the cable from the negative battery terminal with a socket wrench. Raise and support the vehicle on jack stands. Remove the right wheel and splash shield under the engine with a socket wrench.

2

Detach the oil pick up tube from the oil pan and disconnect the oil pan. Remove the drive belt from the air compressor and disconnect the damper from the crankshaft. Detach the lower hose from the radiator and remove the heater hose from the cover of the timing chain.

3

Disconnect the engine mount and its bracket from the right side of the engine with a socket wrench. Remove the water pump and power steering support bolt from the timing chain cover. Disconnect the mounting bolts from the timing chain cover and detach the cover. Discard the gasket for the timing chain cover.

4

Turn the crankshaft clockwise to align the timing mark on the crankshaft sprocket with the colored link on the timing chain. Disconnect the attaching bolt for the camshaft sprocket with a socket wrench. Remove the timing chain and the camshaft sprocket. Disconnect the crankshaft sprocket from the crankshaft with special tools 5048-1, 5048-6 and 8539.

5

Turn the crankshaft clockwise until its timing arrow points straight up. Lubricate the new timing chain and the sprockets with engine oil. Place the timing chain onto the camshaft sprocket so that the plated link aligns with the dot on the camshaft sprocket.

6

Put the timing chain around the crankshaft sprocket so that the other plated link on the timing chain aligns with the dot on the crankshaft sprocket. Position the camshaft so that its timing arrow points straight down and install the camshaft sprocket onto the camshaft. Tighten the bolt on the camshaft sprocket 40 ft. lbs. with a torque wrench.

7

Install the crankshaft sprocket on the the crankshaft with a socket wrench. Turn the crankshaft two full turns and align its timing marks once again.

8

Clean the mating surfaces n the timing chain with a shop towel. Install a new gasket onto the timing chain cover so the edge of the gasket is 0.02 in. past the edge of the cover. Turn the crankshaft clockwise until the flats of the oil pump drive are vertical. Install the oil pump to the crankshaft so that the flats of the oil pump rotor align with the flats of the crankshaft.

9

Replace the timing chain cover and fasten its mounting bolts with a socket wrench. Tighten the 8mm bolts to 20 ft. lbs. and tighten the 10mm bolts to 40 ft. lbs. with a torque wrench. Install the water pump and bolt for the power steering support to the timing chain cover. Replace the damper to the crankshaft.

10

Install the bracket for the engine mount. bracket with a socket wrench. Tighten the 10mm bolts to 40 ft. lbs. and tighten the 8mm bolts to 21 ft. lbs. with a torque wrench. Install the remaining components by performing steps one and two in reverse order. Fill the radiator with fresh coolant, and fill the engine with new oil. Start the engine and correct any fluid leaks.

The Toyota Pickup is a series of pickup trucks that Toyota has produced since 1968. The 1993 model belongs to the fifth generation of this series, which includes the 1988 through 1998 models. The standard engine for the 1993 Toyota Pickup is the 22-RE, a four-cylinder 2.4-liter engine with a single overhead camshaft. This engine uses a timing chain to synchronize the rotations of the crankshaft and camshaft.

Instructions

1

Disconnect the cylinder head from the engine with a socket wrench. Place a drain pan under the radiator drain, and remove the drain plug. Allow the coolant to drain from the radiator and replace the plug. Disconnect the radiator.

2

Remove the front differential from the engine with a socket wrench if your vehicle has all-wheel drive. Disconnect the oil pan, and detach the power steering belt if your vehicle has power steering. Remove the belt, compressor and bracket for the air conditioner if your vehicle is so equipped. Disconnect the cooling fan and its clutch. Remove the pulley for the water pump.

3

Install a counter-holding bar to the crankshaft pulley, and remove the mounting bolt for the crankshaft pulley with a socket wrench. Pull the pulley from its shaft with a pulley extractor. Disconnect the water bypass hose from the crankcase, and remove the adjusting bar for the fan belt. Detach the outlet pipe from the heater.

4

Remove the mounting bolts for the cover of the timing chain with a socket wrench, and discard the gaskets. Detach the timing chain from the sprocket of the crankshaft.

5

Detach the splines from the oil pump drive, and remove the sprocket for the crankshaft with a socket wrench. Wipe the cylinder block clean with a shop towel.

6

Rotate the crankshaft clockwise so the key on the crankshaft points straight up. Align the groove in the crankshaft sprocket with the key on the crankshaft, and slide the sprocket onto the crankshaft. Tighten the bolt for the crankshaft sprocket with a socket wrench.

7

Position the new timing chain on the camshaft sprocket so that the link between the two bright links on the timing chain aligns with the timing mark on the camshaft sprocket. Place the timing chain within its guides on the crankcase, and rotate the camshaft counterclockwise to remove the slack from the timing chain.

8

Install the drive for the oil pump over the key on the crankshaft. key. Place new gaskets onto the dowels of the timing chain cover, and install the timing chain cover. Tighten the 8mm mounting bolts to 9 ft. lbs. with a torque wrench. Tighten the 10mm mounting bolts to 29 ft. lbs.

9

Install the remaining components by performing steps one through three in reverse order. Tighten the bolt for the crankshaft pulley to 116 ft. lbs. with a torque wrench.